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State planning in Porirua
In the post war era, a shortage of housing in Wellington led to a need for increased housing development. The satellite community of Porirua, 20 km from New Zealand’s capital, Wellington was a collection of planned suburban development to meet this demand. It has been described as 'a planning guinea pig’ where it would follow similar ideas and direction to the British New towns movement. Between the 1940s and 1970s it was planned and developed for 70,000 people. In the late 1950s and 1960s it would transform from a village to city. The Department of housing and construction and in particular when it was under the First Labour Government had a major role in its development. A large number of families, many of them migrants, flooded into Porirua’ into mostly State houses. By 1977, 78% of Porirua was State housing and it was the country’s largest single concentration of public dwellings,〔 (this dwindled to 41% in 2012). The population has increased from 5000 people in 1950 to 21000 in 1966〔 and 52,700 in 2012.〔 The four main state-planned and housing estate suburbs of Porirua are Titahi Bay, Porirua East, Cannons Creek, and Waitangirua.
==New towns movement influence==
The initial attractiveness of turning an isolated valley into the suburban settlement of Porirua stemmed from notions of the garden city in Britain,〔 which encapsulated a desire to improve social situations and outcomes for the ‘moral’ concerns of inner city life and find a town and country balance. Leardini & Gronert assert 'that the Labour Party, inspired by British housing schemes, immediately focused on building new houses away from the slum areas of the inner city’. The form of the Porirua settlement and reasons for development echoed these ideas. The 'Porirua city centre was designed around this British town format with clustering of commercial, retail and entertainment areas but separation of pedestrians and traffic’.〔 Schrader suggests the reason for the garden city direction was explored in New Zealand was an ideological desire to link to the ‘mother country’ of Britain. Even though arguably New Zealand did not have the same substantive ‘slum’ concerns of other parts of the world such as Britain and closer neighbour Victoria in Australia.〔〔 It was an ‘opportunity of preventing the condition of things which so disgraced British cities and which was responsible for so much misery, want, and squalor, especially among the masses’.〔 Thus a trend towards low density ‘suburbanization and peri-urban development became more prominent after the war’.
Schrader argues that this narrative made its mark in New Zealand under the first Labour government in 1935 ‘with a massive state housing program, based on garden city principles’.〔 They established a comprehensive programme for constructing State houses which provided thousands of New Zealanders with homes and substantially improved the quality of New Zealand’s housing stock’.〔Thus the New Zealand Government bought up large tracts of land in Porirua, and this meant that the availability of large-scale, 'new housing was Porirua's main attraction and the reason for most of the population going there'.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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